all-in-one privacy solution":["Proton Unlimited è una soluzione completa per la privacy"],"Black Friday":["Black Friday"],"No ads. Privacy by default.":["Niente pubblicità. La prima regola è la privacy."],"People before profits":["Le persone prima dei profitti"],"Security through transparency":["Più sicurezza grazie alla trasparenza"],"The best Proton Mail ${ BLACK_FRIDAY } deals":["Le migliori offerte di Proton Mail per il ${ BLACK_FRIDAY }"],"The world’s only community- supported email service":["L'unico servizio di posta elettronica al mondo supportato dalla community"]},"specialoffer:limited":{"${ hours } hour":["${ hours } ora","${ hours } ore"],"${ hoursLeft }, ${ minutesLeft } and ${ secondsLeft } left":["Restano ${ hoursLeft }, ${ minutesLeft } e ${ secondsLeft }"],"${ minutes } minute":["${ minutes } minuto","${ minutes } minuti"],"${ seconds } second":["${ seconds } secondo","${ seconds } secondi"],"Limited time offer":["Offerta a tempo limitato"]},"specialoffer:listitem":{"Create multiple addresses":["Crea indirizzi multipli"],"Hide-my-email aliases":["Alias hide-my-email"],"Quickly unsubscribe from newsletters":["Annulla rapidamente l'iscrizione alle newsletter"],"Use your own domain name":["Utilizza il tuo nome di dominio"]},"specialoffer:logos":{"As featured in":["Ne hanno parlato"]},"specialoffer:metadescription":{"Get an encrypted email that protects your privacy":["Scegli un'email cifrata per proteggere la tua privacy"]},"specialoffer:metatitle":{"Proton Mail Black Friday Sale - Up to 40% off":["Offerta Black Friday di Proton Mail - sconti fino al 40%"]},"specialoffer:newmetadescription":{"Get up to 40% off Proton Mail subscriptions this Black Friday. Find great deals on our secure end-to-end encrypted email plans.":["Per questo Black Friday ti offriamo fino al 40% di sconto sugli abbonamenti a Proton Mail. Scopri le straordinarie offerte sui piani di abbonamento alla nostra email dotata di crittografia end-to-end."]},"specialoffer:newmetatitle":{"Proton Mail Black Friday sale | Up to 40% off secure email":["Offerta di Proton Mail per il Black Friday | Fino al 40% di sconto sulla nostra email sicura"]},"specialoffer:note":{"* Billed at ${ TOTAL_SUM } for the first year":["* Addebito di ${ TOTAL_SUM } per il primo anno"],"*Billed at ${ TOTAL_SUM } for the first 2 years":["*Addebito di ${ TOTAL_SUM } per i primi 2 anni"],"30-day money-back guarantee":["Garanzia soddisfatti o rimborsati di 30 giorni"],"Billed at ${ TOTAL_SUM } for the first 2 years":["Addebito di ${ TOTAL_SUM } per i primi 2 anni"],"Billed at ${ TOTAL_SUM } for the first year":["Addebito di ${ TOTAL_SUM } per il primo anno"],"You save ${ SAVE_SUM }":["Risparmi ${ SAVE_SUM }"]},"specialoffer:off":{"${ PERCENT_OFF } off":["−${ PERCENT_OFF }"]},"specialoffer:testimonial":{"I love my ProtonMail":["Adoro ProtonMail"],"My favorite email service":["Il mio servizio email preferito"],"Thanks Proton for keeping us all safe in the complicated internet universe.":["Grazie Proton perché ci proteggi nell'universo complicato di internet."],"You get what you pay for. In the case of big tech, if you pay nothing, you get used. I quit using Gmail and switched to @ProtonMail":["Ottieni quello per cui hai pagato. Nel caso di big tech, se non paghi niente, vieni usato. Ho smesso di usare Gmail e sono passata a @ProtonMail"]},"specialoffer:time":{"Days":["Giorni"],"Hours":["Ore"],"Min":["Min"]},"specialoffer:title":{"And much more":["E altro ancora"],"Safe from trackers":["Protezione dai tracker"],"Stay organized":["Tieni tutto in ordine"],"Black Friday email deals":["Offerte email del Black Friday"],"Don’t just take our word for it":["Non lo diciamo solo noi"],"Make your inbox yours":["Rendi la tua posta in arrivo nostra"],"Our story":["La nostra storia"],"Transfer your data from Google in one click":["Trasferisci i tuoi dati da Google con un solo clic"]},"specialoffer:tooltip":{"Access blocked content and browse privately. Includes ${ TOTAL_VPN_SERVERS }+ servers in ${ TOTAL_VPN_COUNTRIES }+ countries, connect up to 10 devices, access worldwide streaming services, malware and ad-blocker, and more.":["Accedi a contenuti bloccati e naviga in modalità privata. Include oltre ${ TOTAL_VPN_SERVERS } server in più di ${ TOTAL_VPN_COUNTRIES } Paesi, possibilità di connettere fino a 10 dispositivi, accesso a servizi di streaming in tutto il mondo, anti-malware, ad-blocker e altro ancora."],"Easily share your calendar with your family, friends or colleagues, and view external calendars.":["Condividi facilmente il tuo calendario con familiari, amici o colleghi e visualizza calendari esterni."],"Includes support for 1 custom email domain, 10 email addresses, 10 hide-my-email aliases, calendar sharing, and more.":["Include il supporto per 1 dominio email personalizzato, 10 indirizzi email, 10 alias hide-my-email, condivisione del calendario e altro ancora."],"Includes support for 3 custom email domains, 15 email addresses, unlimited hide-my-email aliases, calendar sharing, and more.":["Include il supporto per 3 domini email personalizzati, 15 indirizzi email, alias hide-my-email illimitati, condivisione del calendario e altro ancora."],"Manage up to 25 calendars, mobile apps, secured with end-to-end encryption, 1-click calendar import from Google, and more.":["Gestisci fino a 25 calendari, app per dispositivi mobili, protezione con la crittografia end-to-end, importazione del calendario da Google in un solo clic e altro ancora."]},"Status banner":{"Learn more":["Scopri di più"],"Please note that at the moment we are experiencing issues with the ${ issues[0] } service.":["Attenzione: stiamo riscontrando dei problemi con il servizio di ${ issues[0] }"],"We are experiencing issues with one or more services at the moment.":["Stiamo riscontrando dei problemi con uno o più servizi."]},"Status Banner":{"At the moment we are experiencing issues with the Proton VPN service":["Al momento abbiamo dei problemi con il servizio di Proton VPN"],"Learn more":["Scopri di più"]},"steps":{"Step":["Passaggio"]},"suggestions":{"Suggestions":["Suggerimenti"]},"Support":{"Sub category":["Sottocategoria","Sottocategorie"]},"Support article":{"${ readingTime } min":["${ readingTime } minuto","${ readingTime } minuti"],"Category":["Categoria","Categorie"],"Didn’t find what you were looking for?":["Non hai trovato quello che cercavi?"],"General contact":["Contatti generali"],"Get help":["Ottieni supporto"],"Legal contact":["Contatti legali"],"Media contact":["Contatti per la stampa"],"Partnerships contact":["Contatti per collaborazioni"],"Reading":["Lettura"]},"Support Form Platform option":{"VPN for Android TV":["VPN per Android TV"],"VPN for Chromebook":["VPN per Chromebook"]},"Support troubleshooting":{"App version":["Versione dell'app"],"Browser":["Browser"],"Check if this helps":["Verifica se questo ti è utile"],"Choose a product":["Scegli un prodotto"],"Did this solve your issue?":["Ha risolto il tuo problema?"],"Faster assistance is just a few clicks away":["Ottieni assistenza più velocemente con pochi clic"],"How can we help?":["Come possiamo aiutarti?"],"No, contact support":["No, contatta il supporto"],"Please fill out one field after another":["Compila un campo dopo l'altro"],"Please make your selections":["Fai la tua selezione"],"Proton account":["Account Proton"],"Proton for Business":["Proton for Business"],"Thank you for your feedback":["Grazie per il feedback"],"What can we help with?":["In cosa possiamo esserti di aiuto?"],"Yes":["Sì"]},"support_modal_search_query":{"Search query":["Query di ricerca"]},"support_search_button":{"Search":["Cerca"]},"support_search_i_am_looking_for":{"I'm looking for":["Sto cercando"]},"SupportForm":{"For a faster resolution, please report the issue from the Bridge app: Help > Report a problem.":["Per una risoluzione più rapida, segnala il problema dall'app Bridge: Aiuto > Segnala un problema."],"Information":["Informazioni"]},"SupportForm:option":{"Account Security":["Sicurezza dell'account"],"Contacts":["Contatti"],"Custom email domain":["Dominio email personalizzato"],"Email delivery and Spam":["Consegna delle email e 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Proton Mail Bridge is a desktop application that runs in the background on your computer and encrypts and decrypts your mail as it enters and leaves your device. It allows for full integration of your Proton Mail account with email clients like Microsoft Outlook, Mozilla Thunderbird, and Apple Mail.
This document discusses how Bridge handles sensitive information, describes its potential attack vectors, and explains the security features that mitigate these attacks. (Note: This security model applies to the Bridge application for Linux, macOS, and Windows.)
This security model is technical in nature, but was written in plain language so that the average user can understand the important takeaways. You can also read more about what Proton Mail is and is not designed to protect you from in the Proton Mail threat model(nuova finestra).
As part of normal, day-to-day operations, Bridge must handle different types of data with varying levels of sensitivity. This data includes (but is not limited to):
User credentials and an access token for authentication with the Proton servers
Public and private keys for sending and reading messages
Encrypted messages, attachments, and metadata
We explain how Bridge secures this sensitive data in greater detail below.
Your passwords never leave your machine Users log in to Bridge, which in turn authenticates with the Proton Mail API using the Secure Remote Password protocol(nuova finestra). This authentication process ensures a user’s password never leaves their machine, and it generates an access token and a refresh token.
The access token is relatively short-lived and is used to authenticate any subsequent API requests; it is stored in the device’s memory. The refresh token is used to generate new access tokens and is stored securely in the operating system’s keychain (Windows Credentials Manager, macOS Keychain, or pass/gnome-keyring on Linux). The user’s hashed and salted mailbox password (used to decrypt their PGP keys) and Bridge password (used to connect an email client to Bridge) are also held in the operating system’s keychain.
Ensuring a secure connection to Proton servers Bridge communicates with the Proton Mail API over an encrypted TLS connection. It additionally employs TLS certificate public key pinning to ensure it only connects to trusted Proton Mail servers. If Bridge receives an untrusted public key, it will assume an unknown intermediary is pretending to be a Proton server and immediately warn the user.
Bridge never stores or shares a user’s PGP keys After the user logs in, Bridge downloads their encrypted, private PGP keys from the Proton servers and unlocks them. These keys are held in the device’s memory, never on disk. Whenever a user turns off their device, they wipe its memory. This makes it unlikely an attacker will be able to obtain a copy of a user’s PGP keys, even if they steal the user’s device. These keys are also never shared with other applications on your device and stay within Bridge’s memory space.
Bridge does not store decrypted message data When an IMAP client requests a message body or attachment, it is downloaded from the Proton servers as an encrypted PGP message, decrypted locally, and then transmitted to the IMAP client. Similar to the user’s PGP keys, Bridge does not permanently store any message bodies or attachments to disk, further reducing the amount of sensitive data available on the device.
Attack mitigation
Here we describe the potential attack vectors of Bridge and how we mitigate these attacks.
Reducing the threat of a MITM attack
As described, Bridge employs TLS certificate pinning, which mitigates the risk of a network-level man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack.
Furthermore, the content of messages sent from Bridge to Proton Mail users or external recipients using PGP has an additional layer of protection thanks to end-to-end encryption. This means Bridge encrypts the user’s message before it leaves their device. The message remains encrypted until it reaches the recipient’s device, which decrypts it. This prevents any third party, including Proton Mail, from accessing the content of a user’s message. Messages sent this way remain inaccessible because a user’s mailbox password never leaves their device and, thus, is never transmitted to an attacker.
Secure updates
Bridge on Windows and macOS includes a feature that allows it to self-update. The update process has additional safeguards in place to verify that only trusted versions of Bridge that are created and signed by Proton Mail are installed.
Bridge recommended use cases
Bridge is a unique tool when compared to the other Proton Mail apps. As such, there are specific cases in which it would be more practical and useful than other Proton Mail apps.
Below are some examples of recommended use cases for Bridge:
Offline editing If you find yourself without a stable Internet connection, you can use your favorite email client with Bridge to download emails while you do have good Internet access and then process them offline later. Most email clients will automatically send and receive your drafts once you are back online.
Offline backups of your emails are required If you need to have offline copies of your messages for whatever reason, Bridge is the easiest way to accomplish this. The Bridge app enables your IMAP/SMTP client to do this automatically if you choose to do so.
Add Proton Mail security to already known email clients If you or your staff do not feel confident learning how to use a new email service, Bridge lets you add Proton Mail encryption to your messages while continuing to use your favorite IMAP/SMTP email client. These clients include Outlook, Thunderbird, and Apple Mail, all applications that many people are familiar with. This means that once you set up Bridge, using it does not require any new training.
Bridge security model scope
No application is 100% secure, and no piece of software can protect its user against every potential threat. Proton Mail Bridge is engineered to provide additional protection to its users’ data, but certain conditions are outside of the scope of the security model.
User device security We assume users run the Bridge app in a safe environment. For instance, we assume that Bridge program files are installed to a location where normal (non-admin) users have no write privileges. Furthermore, we expect the user’s device to be free of any malicious software (keyloggers, screen recorders, memory scanners, etc.) that could access the device’s data in memory or on disk. Bridge, unfortunately, cannot secure your data if your device is already compromised.
Additionally, we assume that the IMAP/SMTP ports that the email client connects to are not exposed beyond the device that Bridge is running on. The Bridge application ignores all connections that do not originate from the localhost, and we assume the user will not attempt to circumvent this.
Bridge installer security We assume that the user securely downloaded the Bridge installer from our server (the server should present a valid and expected SSL certificate). For Windows and macOS, the operating system inspects the signatures on the installer file automatically before installation. It then displays the results to the user, which we assume they properly verify. We recommend Linux users refer to our support article on Verifying the Proton Mail Bridge package(nuova finestra) for instructions. If you download the Bridge application from an unauthorized source, we cannot guarantee the safety of the installer.
Our recommendations for keeping your device secure
We have invested heavily in the security of our Bridge app. You can help maximize the security of your own device by taking a few simple measures:
Encrypt your device’s hard drive. Windows(nuova finestra) and macOS(nuova finestra) devices all have built-in encryption systems, but you have to turn them on. Once you have encrypted your drive, write down your recovery code and store it in a secure place.
Enable your operating system’s antivirus protection, if available.
Ensure your network ports are secured by a firewall to prevent outside machines from connecting to them.
Do not install untrusted programs on your device. This includes unknown open source versions of Bridge. Downloading Bridge directly from Proton Mail(nuova finestra) is the safest option.
Do not open links or download attachments from untrusted senders.
Conclusion
Our first priority is always our users’ security. Our goal is to make it easy for anyone to protect their privacy by creating tools that apply advanced cryptography to their messages automatically. The Bridge tool was designed to add additional security to already existing IMAP/SMTP email clients. By keeping your device secure, you can use these email clients and still take charge of your data. Thank you for your support!
Proton Mail and Proton VPN are funded by community contributions. If you would like to support our development efforts, you can upgrade to a paid plan(nuova finestra). Thank you for your support.
Do you have an incident response plan to protect your business from financial
and reputational damage? Find out how Proton Pass for Business can help you stay
safe.