all-in-one privacy solution":["Proton Unlimited — комплексное решение для защиты данных"],"Black Friday":["Черная пятница"],"No ads. Privacy by default.":["Без рекламы. Гарантия конфиденциальности"],"People before profits":["Люди важнее прибыли"],"Security through transparency":["Безопасность, основанная на прозрачности"],"The best Proton Mail ${ BLACK_FRIDAY } deals":["${ BLACK_FRIDAY }: лучшие предложения Proton Mail"],"The world’s only community- supported email service":["Единственный в мире сервис электронной почты с поддержкой сообщества"]},"specialoffer:limited":{"${ hours } hour":["${ hours } час","${ hours } часа","${ hours } часов","${ hours } часа"],"${ hoursLeft }, ${ minutesLeft } and ${ secondsLeft } left":["Осталось ${ hoursLeft }, ${ minutesLeft } и ${ secondsLeft }"],"${ minutes } minute":["${ minutes } минута","${ minutes } минуты","${ minutes } минут","${ minutes } минуты"],"${ seconds } second":["${ seconds } секунда","${ seconds } секунды","${ seconds } секунд","${ seconds } секунды"],"Limited time offer":["Ограниченное по времени предложение"]},"specialoffer:listitem":{"Create multiple addresses":["Создавайте несколько адресов"],"Hide-my-email aliases":["Создавайте алиасы hide-my-email"],"Quickly unsubscribe from newsletters":["С легкостью отменяйте подписку на рассылки"],"Use your own domain name":["Используйте собственное доменное имя"]},"specialoffer:logos":{"As featured in":["О нас в СМИ"]},"specialoffer:metadescription":{"Get an encrypted email that protects your privacy":["Электронная почта, защищающая вашу конфиденциальность"]},"specialoffer:metatitle":{"Proton Mail Black Friday Sale - Up to 40% off":["Черная пятница в Proton Mail: скидки до 40 %"]},"specialoffer:newmetadescription":{"Get up to 40% off Proton Mail subscriptions this Black Friday. Find great deals on our secure end-to-end encrypted email plans.":["Получите Proton Mail со скидкой до 40 %. Не пропустите выгодные предложения на планы безопасной электронной почты, зашифрованной сквозным шифрованием, в честь «черной пятницы»."]},"specialoffer:newmetatitle":{"Proton Mail Black Friday sale | Up to 40% off secure email":["«Черная пятница» в Proton Mail | Скидки до 40 %"]},"specialoffer:note":{"* Billed at ${ TOTAL_SUM } for the first year":["* ${ TOTAL_SUM } за первый год."],"*Billed at ${ TOTAL_SUM } for the first 2 years":["* ${ TOTAL_SUM } за первые два года."],"30-day money-back guarantee":["Гарантия возврата средств в течение 30 дней"],"Billed at ${ TOTAL_SUM } for the first 2 years":["${ TOTAL_SUM } за первые 2 года"],"Billed at ${ TOTAL_SUM } for the first year":["${ TOTAL_SUM } за первый год"],"You save ${ SAVE_SUM }":["Вы экономите ${ SAVE_SUM }."]},"specialoffer:off":{"${ PERCENT_OFF } off":["–${ PERCENT_OFF }"]},"specialoffer:testimonial":{"I love my ProtonMail":["Обожаю ProtonMail!"],"My favorite email service":["Мой любимый сервис электронной почты"],"Thanks Proton for keeping us all safe in the complicated internet universe.":["Спасибо Proton за защиту в запутанном интернет-пространстве."],"You get what you pay for. In the case of big tech, if you pay nothing, you get used. I quit using Gmail and switched to @ProtonMail":["Полностью оправданное вложение денег. Бигтех-компании используют тебя, если ты им не платишь. Поэтому я перешла с Gmail на @ProtonMail."]},"specialoffer:time":{"Days":["дн."],"Hours":["ч."],"Min":["мин."]},"specialoffer:title":{"And much more":["И многое другое"],"Safe from trackers":["Защита от трекеров"],"Stay organized":["Будьте организованными"],"Black Friday email deals":["Безопасная почта для покупок в «черную пятницу»"],"Don’t just take our word for it":["Отзывы наших клиентов"],"Make your inbox yours":["Сделайте свой почтовый ящик вашим"],"Our story":["Наша история"],"Transfer your data from Google in one click":["Перенесите данные из Gmail в одно нажатие"]},"specialoffer:tooltip":{"Access blocked content and browse privately. Includes ${ TOTAL_VPN_SERVERS }+ servers in ${ TOTAL_VPN_COUNTRIES }+ countries, connect up to 10 devices, access worldwide streaming services, malware and ad-blocker, and more.":["Сохраняйте конфиденциальность в интернете и получайте доступ к заблокированному контенту. Включает ${ TOTAL_VPN_SERVERS } серверов более чем в ${ TOTAL_VPN_COUNTRIES } странах с возможностью подключения на 10 устройствах, доступ к стриминговым платформам со всего мира, блокировщик рекламы, функцию защиты от вредоносных программ и другие преимущества."],"Easily share your calendar with your family, friends or colleagues, and view external calendars.":["Предоставляйте доступ к календарю родственникам, друзьям и коллегам, а также просматривайте календари других сервисов"],"Includes support for 1 custom email domain, 10 email addresses, 10 hide-my-email aliases, calendar sharing, and more.":["Включает поддержку 1 пользовательского домена, 10 адресов электронной почты, 10 алиасов hide-my-email, совместный доступ к календарю и другие преимущества."],"Includes support for 3 custom email domains, 15 email addresses, unlimited hide-my-email aliases, calendar sharing, and more.":["Включает поддержку трех пользовательских доменов, 15 адресов электронной почты, неограниченного числа алиасов hide-my-email, совместный доступ к календарю и другие преимущества."],"Manage up to 25 calendars, mobile apps, secured with end-to-end encryption, 1-click calendar import from Google, and more.":["До 25 календарей, мобильные приложения, сквозное шифрование, удобный перенос данных из Google Календаря и другие преимущества"]},"Status banner":{"Learn more":["Подробнее"],"Please note that at the moment we are experiencing issues with the ${ issues[0] } service.":["Сейчас при использовании сервиса ${ issues[0] } могут возникать проблемы."],"We are experiencing issues with one or more services at the moment.":["При использовании одного или нескольких сервисов могут возникать проблемы."]},"Status Banner":{"At the moment we are experiencing issues with the Proton VPN service":["При использовании сервиса Proton VPN могут возникать проблемы"],"Learn more":["Подробнее"]},"steps":{"Step":["Шаг"]},"suggestions":{"Suggestions":["Предложения"]},"Support":{"Sub category":["Подкатегория","Подкатегории","Подкатегорий","Подкатегорий"]},"Support article":{"${ readingTime } min":["${ readingTime } мин.","${ readingTime } мин.","${ readingTime } мин.","${ readingTime } мин."],"Category":["Категория","Категории","Категорий","Категорий"],"Didn’t find what you were looking for?":["Не нашли желаемый контент?"],"General contact":["Общие контакты"],"Get help":["Получить помощь"],"Legal contact":["Контакты юридического отдела"],"Media contact":["Контакты для прессы"],"Partnerships contact":["Контакты по вопросам партнерства"],"Reading":["Чтение"]},"Support Form Platform option":{"VPN for Android TV":["VPN для Android TV"],"VPN for Chromebook":["VPN для Chromebook"]},"Support troubleshooting":{"App version":["Версия приложения"],"Browser":["Браузер"],"Check if this helps":["Возможно, нужный ответ найдется здесь"],"Choose a product":["Выберите продукт"],"Did this solve your issue?":["Удалось ли нам решить вашу проблему?"],"Faster assistance is just a few clicks away":["Пара нажатий, и вы получите быструю помощь"],"How can we help?":["Чем мы можем помочь?"],"No, contact support":["Нет, связаться со службой поддержки"],"Please fill out one field after another":["Заполните поля по порядку"],"Please make your selections":["Отметьте подходящие варианты"],"Proton account":["Аккаунт Proton"],"Proton for Business":["Proton for Business"],"Thank you for your feedback":["Спасибо за отзыв!"],"What can we help with?":["Какая помощь требуется?"],"Yes":["Да"]},"support_modal_search_query":{"Search query":["Поисковый запрос"]},"support_search_button":{"Search":["Найти"]},"support_search_i_am_looking_for":{"I'm looking for":["Я ищу"]},"SupportForm":{"For a faster resolution, please report the issue from the Bridge app: Help > Report a problem.":["Чтобы быстро устранить проблему в приложении Bridge, выберите «Справка» > «Сообщить о проблеме»."],"Information":["Информация"]},"SupportForm:option":{"Account Security":["Безопасность аккаунта"],"Contacts":["Контакты"],"Custom email domain":["Пользовательский домен адреса электронной почты"],"Email delivery and Spam":["Доставка электронных писем и спам"],"Encryption":["Шифрование"],"Login and password":["Имя пользователя и пароль"],"Merge aliases and accounts":["Объединение псевдонимов и аккаунтов"],"Migrate to Proton":["Переход на Proton"],"Notifications":["Уведомления"],"Other":["Другое"],"Plans and billing":["Тарифы и оплата"],"Proton for Business":["Proton for Business"],"Sign up":["Регистрация"],"Storage":["Хранилище"],"Users, addresses, and identities":["Пользователи, адреса и личные данные"]},"SupportForm:optionIntro":{"Select a topic":["Выберите тему"]},"swiss_baseed_feature":{"Swiss based":["В Швейцарии"]},"Testimonial":{"Awards":["Награды"],"Customers":["Клиенты"],"Featured":["Что о нас говорят"],"Go to testimonial source":["Перейти к источнику отзыва"],"Open source of award":["Узнать, кто выдал награду"],"Open source of quote":["Узнать, откуда цитата"],"Reviews":["Отзывы"],"Videos":["видео."],"Watch on TikTok":["Смотреть в TikTok"],"Watch on YouTube":["Смотреть на YouTube"]},"TestimonialCategory":{"Awards":["Награды"],"Customers":["Клиенты"],"Featured":["Что о нас говорят"],"Media":["СМИ"],"Reviews":["Отзывы"],"Videos":["видео."]},"Text":{"If you need help, check out our ${ supportLink }.":["Если вам нужна помощь, перейдите в ${ supportLink }."],"The page you’re looking for might have been removed, or it could be an\nold link.":["Возможно, страница удалена\nили у вас устаревшая ссылка."],"Your question may already have an answer in our knowledge base:":["Возможно, ответ на ваш вопрос уже есть в нашей базе знаний:"]},"Title":{"On this page":["На этой странице"],"Related articles":["Статьи по теме"],"Share ${ thisPage }":["Поделиться ${ thisPage }"],"Switch to Proton Pass - Contact us":["Переход на Proton Pass — свяжитесь с нами"],"Thank you!":["Спасибо!"],"this page":["этой страницей"]},"Tooltip":{"More 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Includes ${ TOTAL_VPN_SERVERS }+ servers in ${ TOTAL_VPN_COUNTRIES }+ countries, highest VPN speed, ${ TOTAL_VPN_CONNECTIONS } VPN connections, worldwide streaming services, malware and ad-blocker, and more.":["Получайте доступ к заблокированному контенту, просматривайте страницы анонимно и пользуйтесь стриминговыми сервисами со всего мира. 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What is DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail)? | Proton
DKIM is an email authentication method that verifies that a message hasn’t been tampered with in transit. Learn how it works and why you need it to protect your email domain.
DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) is an open standard for email authentication that cryptographically “signs” an email, helping verify that its sender’s address hasn’t been forged (spoofed) and its message hasn’t been tampered with in transit.
DKIM ensures that an email sent from your domain (for example, @yourdomain.com) is signed with an encryption key owned by your domain. This verifies that it came from a legitimate email server, not an attacker’s server that spoofed your domain.
What is DKIM used for?
DKIM is one of the main methods email servers use to authenticate emails. Together with SPF and DMARC, email platforms use DKIM to identify spoofed addresses, helping to sort and prevent spam and potential phishing emails.
If you send emails from your own domain (for example, yourname@yourdomain.com), you should use DKIM to help prevent attackers from spoofing it. If you don’t use DKIM, messages from your domain could be marked as spam or rejected by receiving mail servers.
What’s the difference between DKIM, SPF, and DMARC?
DKIM, SPF, and DMARC are email authentication methods that are used together to verify that emails are genuine. Here are the different roles they play:
DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) cryptographically verifies that the sender’s address and email contents haven’t been changed in transit.
SPF (Sender Policy Framework) verifies that an email has been sent from an IP address authorized to send emails from the sender’s domain.
DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance) makes sure that the domain in DKIM and SPF checks matches the sender’s domain in the From field. It also specifies how email service providers should deliver a message that fails both DKIM and SPF: They can accept, reject, or mark it as spam.
The server sending the email uses its DKIM private key to “sign” the email. When the message arrives, the server receiving the mail verifies the signature using the corresponding DKIM public key.
Here’s what happens when you send an email with DKIM:
The sending mail server creates a hash of the email contents (the From field, subject, message body, etc.) and encrypts it using a private key that only trusted sending mail servers know.
When the email arrives, the receiving mail server looks up the corresponding public key in your domain’s DNS records and decrypts the hash in the DKIM signature.
The receiving mail server then generates its own hashes from the message body and the fields in the email and compares them with the decrypted hashes in the DKIM signature.
If the hashes match, this verifies that the email hasn’t been changed while being sent, and it passes DKIM.
In short, if an email passes DKIM, we learn that:
The message was sent from the domain in the DKIM signature
The message hasn’t been tampered with in transit
If a message fails DKIM, the email is treated as suspicious: The receiving server may send it to the recipient’s spam folder or reject it.
What is a DKIM signature?
A DKIM signature is a digital signature that’s added to an email header to allow the receiving server to verify cryptographically that the message hasn’t been tampered with.
A DKIM signature consists of a series of tags, like v=1, a=rsa-sha256, etc., as in this example:
Here’s what the main tags mean:
DKIM signature tag
Meaning
Required?
v=1
DKIM version number (should always be v=1)
Yes
a
Algorithm used to create the digital signature
Yes
d
Domain name (used with the DKIM selector to locate the public key)
Yes
s
DKIM selector (used to locate the public key — see below)
Yes
t
Signature time
No
x
Expiration time
No
bh
Hash of the message body
Yes
h
List of the header fields included in the signature (separated by colons)
Yes
b
The digital signature generated from bh and h and signed with the private key
Yes
What DKIM signature tags mean
When a sent email arrives, here’s how the DKIM signature is checked:
The receiving mail server uses the DKIM selector (s) and domain name (d) to locate and fetch the public key and decrypt the digital signature (b).
The server then creates its own hash from the message body and checks it matches the hash in the bh field. Then it creates a hash of the headers (including the DKIM signature containing the bh field) and compares that hash with the digital signature it decrypts using the public key.
If these hashes match, this verifies that the email hasn’t been altered and the message passes DKIM.
What is a DKIM record?
A DKIM record is where the DKIM public key is stored. The DKIM record is published and publicly available on a domain’s DNS server, so any receiving mail server can retrieve it to verify a DKIM signature.
By looking for a particular DKIM selector and domain name, a receiving email server can find the corresponding public key to check a DKIM signature.
What is a DKIM selector?
A DKIM selector is a unique name that indicates where the public key is stored in a domain’s DNS server. It’s stored together with your domain name in a DKIM record.
When you send an email with DKIM, the DKIM selector is included in the DKIM signature as an s= tag. In the example below, the DKIM selector is protonmail2
You can see the DKIM selector for your domain by emailing yourself and checking the DKIM signature in the email header.
Why use DKIM?
If you have your own domain name, we strongly recommend implementing DKIM, SPF, and DMARC. Here’s why:
Protect your domain
DKIM makes it hard for attackers to send emails pretending to be from your domain (email spoofing). Enabling DKIM will help to prevent bad actors from using your domain for spam or phishing attacks.
Improve email deliverability
Emails with a DKIM signature appear more legitimate and can be verified by a receiving mail server. So implementing DKIM for emails you send reduces the chances of them ending up in the spam folder.
Build your domain reputation
The more you send emails that pass DKIM and other authentication checks, the more you improve your domain’s sending reputation with internet service providers (ISPs) and email providers. So DKIM can help improve your emails’ deliverability over the long term.
Set up a single domain with Proton Mail Plus or get Proton Unlimited with support for three domains, 15 addresses, 500 GB of storage, and unlimited hide-my-email aliases.
Do you have an incident response plan to protect your business from financial
and reputational damage? Find out how Proton Pass for Business can help you stay
safe.