all-in-one privacy solution":["Proton Unlimited — комплексное решение для защиты данных"],"Black Friday":["Черная пятница"],"No ads. Privacy by default.":["Без рекламы. Гарантия конфиденциальности"],"People before profits":["Люди важнее прибыли"],"Security through transparency":["Безопасность, основанная на прозрачности"],"The best Proton Mail ${ BLACK_FRIDAY } deals":["${ BLACK_FRIDAY }: лучшие предложения Proton Mail"],"The world’s only community- supported email service":["Единственный в мире сервис электронной почты с поддержкой сообщества"]},"specialoffer:limited":{"${ hours } hour":["${ hours } час","${ hours } часа","${ hours } часов","${ hours } часа"],"${ hoursLeft }, ${ minutesLeft } and ${ secondsLeft } left":["Осталось ${ hoursLeft }, ${ minutesLeft } и ${ secondsLeft }"],"${ minutes } minute":["${ minutes } минута","${ minutes } минуты","${ minutes } минут","${ minutes } минуты"],"${ seconds } second":["${ seconds } секунда","${ seconds } секунды","${ seconds } секунд","${ seconds } секунды"],"Limited time offer":["Ограниченное по времени предложение"]},"specialoffer:listitem":{"Create multiple addresses":["Создавайте несколько адресов"],"Hide-my-email aliases":["Создавайте алиасы hide-my-email"],"Quickly unsubscribe from newsletters":["С легкостью отменяйте подписку на рассылки"],"Use your own domain name":["Используйте собственное доменное имя"]},"specialoffer:logos":{"As featured in":["О нас в СМИ"]},"specialoffer:metadescription":{"Get an encrypted email that protects your privacy":["Электронная почта, защищающая вашу конфиденциальность"]},"specialoffer:metatitle":{"Proton Mail Black Friday Sale - Up to 40% off":["Черная пятница в Proton Mail: скидки до 40 %"]},"specialoffer:newmetadescription":{"Get up to 40% off Proton Mail subscriptions this Black Friday. Find great deals on our secure end-to-end encrypted email plans.":["Получите Proton Mail со скидкой до 40 %. Не пропустите выгодные предложения на планы безопасной электронной почты, зашифрованной сквозным шифрованием, в честь «черной пятницы»."]},"specialoffer:newmetatitle":{"Proton Mail Black Friday sale | Up to 40% off secure email":["«Черная пятница» в Proton Mail | Скидки до 40 %"]},"specialoffer:note":{"* Billed at ${ TOTAL_SUM } for the first year":["* ${ TOTAL_SUM } за первый год."],"*Billed at ${ TOTAL_SUM } for the first 2 years":["* ${ TOTAL_SUM } за первые два года."],"30-day money-back guarantee":["Гарантия возврата средств в течение 30 дней"],"Billed at ${ TOTAL_SUM } for the first 2 years":["${ TOTAL_SUM } за первые 2 года"],"Billed at ${ TOTAL_SUM } for the first year":["${ TOTAL_SUM } за первый год"],"You save ${ SAVE_SUM }":["Вы экономите ${ SAVE_SUM }."]},"specialoffer:off":{"${ DISCOUNT } off":["–${ DISCOUNT }"],"${ PERCENT_OFF } off":["–${ PERCENT_OFF }"]},"specialoffer:testimonial":{"I love my ProtonMail":["Обожаю ProtonMail!"],"My favorite email service":["Мой любимый сервис электронной почты"],"Thanks Proton for keeping us all safe in the complicated internet universe.":["Спасибо Proton за защиту в запутанном интернет-пространстве."],"You get what you pay for. In the case of big tech, if you pay nothing, you get used. I quit using Gmail and switched to @ProtonMail":["Полностью оправданное вложение денег. Бигтех-компании используют тебя, если ты им не платишь. Поэтому я перешла с Gmail на @ProtonMail."]},"specialoffer:time":{"Days":["дн."],"Hours":["ч."],"Min":["мин."]},"specialoffer:title":{"And much more":["И это еще не всё"],"Make your inbox yours":["Настройка на свой вкус"],"Safe from trackers":["Защита от трекеров"],"Stay organized":["Всё по полочкам"],"Black Friday email deals":["Безопасная почта для покупок в «черную пятницу»"],"Don’t just take our word for it":["Отзывы наших клиентов"],"Our story":["Наша история"],"Transfer your data from Google in one click":["Перенесите данные из Gmail в одно нажатие"]},"specialoffer:tooltip":{"Access blocked content and browse privately. Includes ${ TOTAL_SERVERS }+ servers in ${ TOTAL_COUNTRIES }+ countries, connect up to 10 devices, access worldwide streaming services, malware and ad-blocker, and more.":["Сохраняйте конфиденциальность в Интернете и получайте доступ к заблокированному контенту. Включает ${ TOTAL_SERVERS } серверов более чем в ${ TOTAL_COUNTRIES } странах с возможностью подключения на 10 устройствах, доступ к стриминговым платформам со всего мира, блокировщик рекламы, функцию защиты от вредоносных программ и другие преимущества."],"Easily share your calendar with your family, friends or colleagues, and view external calendars.":["Предоставляйте доступ к календарю родственникам, друзьям и коллегам, а также просматривайте календари других сервисов"],"Includes support for 1 custom email domain, 10 email addresses, 10 hide-my-email aliases, calendar sharing, and more.":["Включает поддержку 1 пользовательского домена, 10 адресов электронной почты, 10 алиасов hide-my-email, совместный доступ к календарю и другие преимущества."],"Includes support for 3 custom email domains, 15 email addresses, unlimited hide-my-email aliases, calendar sharing, and more.":["Включает поддержку трех пользовательских доменов, 15 адресов электронной почты, неограниченного числа алиасов hide-my-email, совместный доступ к календарю и другие преимущества."],"Manage up to 25 calendars, mobile apps, secured with end-to-end encryption, 1-click calendar import from Google, and more.":["До 25 календарей, мобильные приложения, сквозное шифрование, удобный перенос данных из Google Календаря и другие преимущества"]},"Status Banner":{"At the moment we are experiencing issues with the Proton VPN service":["При использовании сервиса Proton VPN могут возникать проблемы"],"Learn more":["Подробнее"]},"Status banner":{"Learn more":["Подробнее"],"Please note that at the moment we are experiencing issues with the ${ issues[0] } service.":["Сейчас при использовании сервиса ${ issues[0] } могут возникать проблемы."],"We are experiencing issues with one or more services at the moment.":["При использовании одного или нескольких сервисов могут возникать проблемы."]},"suggestions":{"Suggestions":["Предложения"]},"Support":{"Sub category":["Подкатегория","Подкатегории","Подкатегорий","Подкатегорий"]},"Support article":{"${ readingTime } min":["${ readingTime } мин.","${ readingTime } мин.","${ readingTime } мин.","${ readingTime } мин."],"Category":["Категория","Категории","Категорий","Категорий"],"Didn’t find what you were looking for?":["Не нашли желаемый контент?"],"General contact":["Общие контакты"],"Get help":["Получить помощь"],"Legal contact":["Контакты юридического отдела"],"Media contact":["Контакты для прессы"],"Partnerships contact":["Контакты по вопросам партнерства"],"Reading":["Чтение"]},"Support categories":{"Browse Proton product support":["Смотреть ресурсы по поддержке продуктов Proton"]},"Support category":{"There is no article in this category yet.":["В этой категории еще нет статей."]},"Support troubleshooting":{"--- Select ---":["— Выбрать —"],"App version":["Версия приложения"],"Browser":["Браузер"],"Check if this helps":["Возможно, нужный ответ найдется здесь"],"Choose a category for your question":["Выберите категорию запроса"],"Choose a product":["Выберите продукт"],"Did this solve your issue ?":["Удалось ли нам решить вашу проблему?"],"Faster assistance is just a few clicks away — please make your selections":["Выберите подходящие варианты. Всего пара нажатий — и вы на шаг ближе к решению проблемы."],"No, contact support":["Нет, связаться со службой поддержки"],"Proton account":["Аккаунт Proton"],"Proton Bridge":["Proton Bridge"],"Proton Calendar":["Proton Calendar"],"Proton Drive":["Proton Drive"],"Proton for Business":["Proton for Business"],"Proton Mail":["Proton Mail"],"Proton Pass":["Proton Pass"],"Proton VPN":["Proton VPN"],"Thank you for your feedback":["Спасибо за отзыв!"],"Troubleshooting":["Устранение неполадок"],"What can we help with ?":["Чем мы можем вам помочь?"],"Yes":["Да"]},"support_modal_search_query":{"Search query":["Поисковый запрос"]},"support_search_button":{"Search":["Найти"]},"support_search_i_am_looking_for":{"I'm looking for":["Я ищу"]},"SupportForm":{"For a faster resolution, please report the issue from the Bridge app: Help > Report a problem.":["Чтобы быстро устранить проблему в приложении Bridge, выберите «Справка» > «Сообщить о проблеме»."],"Information":["Информация"]},"SupportForm:option":{"Account Security":["Безопасность аккаунта"],"Contacts":["Контакты"],"Custom email domain":["Пользовательский домен адреса электронной почты"],"Email delivery and Spam":["Доставка электронных писем и спам"],"Encryption":["Шифрование"],"Login and password":["Имя пользователя и пароль"],"Merge aliases and accounts":["Объединение псевдонимов и аккаунтов"],"Migrate to Proton":["Переход на Proton"],"Notifications":["Уведомления"],"Other":["Другое"],"Plans and billing":["Тарифы и оплата"],"Proton for Business":["Proton for Business"],"Sign up":["Регистрация"],"Storage":["Хранилище"],"Users, addresses, and identities":["Пользователи, адреса и личные данные"]},"SupportForm:optionIntro":{"Select a topic":["Выберите тему"]},"swiss_baseed_feature":{"Swiss based":["В Швейцарии"]},"Testimonial":{"Awards":["Награды"],"Customers":["Клиенты"],"Featured":["Что о нас говорят"],"Go to testimonial source":["Перейти к источнику отзыва"],"Reviews":["Отзывы"],"Videos":["видео."]},"Text":{"Find the plan that's right for you":["Найдите подходящий план"],"If you need help, check out our ${ supportLink }.":["Если вам нужна помощь, перейдите в ${ supportLink }."],"The page you’re looking for might have been removed, or it could be an\nold link.":["Возможно, страница удалена\nили у вас устаревшая ссылка."]},"Title":{"On this page":["На этой странице"],"Related articles":["Статьи по теме"],"Share ${ thisPage }":["Поделиться ${ thisPage }"],"Thank you!":["Спасибо!"],"this page":["этой страницей"]},"Tooltip":{"More information":["Подробнее"]},"tooltip_calendar":{"Create up to 20 custom & shareable encrypted calendars. On top of that, add up to 5 calendars from friends, family, colleagues, and organizations.":["Есть возможность создать до 20 зашифрованных пользовательских календарей и делиться ими с другими людьми, а также добавить до 5 календарей друзей, родственников, коллег и организаций."]},"tooltip_vpn":{"Access blocked content and browse privately. Includes ${ TOTAL_SERVERS }+ servers in ${ TOTAL_COUNTRIES }+ countries, highest VPN speed, ${ TOTAL_VPN_CONNECTIONS } VPN connections, worldwide streaming services, malware and ad-blocker, and more.":["Получайте доступ к заблокированному контенту, просматривайте страницы анонимно и пользуйтесь стриминговыми сервисами со всего мира. Мы предлагаем ${ TOTAL_SERVERS } серверов более чем в ${ TOTAL_COUNTRIES } странах, высочайшую скорость VPN, ${ TOTAL_VPN_CONNECTIONS } VPN-подключений, защиту от вредоносных программ, блокировщик рекламы и многое другое."],"Access blocked content and browse privately. Includes ${ TOTAL_SERVERS }+ servers in ${ TOTAL_COUNTRIES }+ countries, highest VPN speed, 10 VPN connections, worldwide streaming services, malware and ad-blocker, and more.":["Получайте доступ к заблокированному контенту, просматривайте страницы анонимно и пользуйтесь стриминговыми сервисами со всего мира. Мы предлагаем ${ TOTAL_SERVERS } серверов более чем в ${ TOTAL_COUNTRIES } странах, высочайшую скорость VPN, 10 VPN-подключений, защиту от вредоносных программ, блокировщик рекламы и многое другое."]},"version_history_label":{"Version history":["История версий"]},"version_history_tooltip":{"Store up to ${ versionHistoryNumber } versions of each file for up to ${ years } years":["Храните версии каждого файла (до ${ versionHistoryNumber }) не более нескольких лет (${ years })."]},"vpn_features_link":{"View VPN plans":["Посмотреть тарифы VPN"]},"vpn_features_useCase":{"Access blocked content and browse privately":["Доступ к заблокированному контенту и конфиденциальный просмотр веб-страниц"]}}},"unleashApi":"https://account.proton.me/api"};
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Ciphertext is unreadable, encrypted data that can only be read if you know the key. Learn all about ciphertext and how it ensures your data privacy by securing computers and online communications, including encrypted email.
When Julius Caesar wanted to send a secret message to the Roman army, he scrambled the letters into ciphertext – garbled text that could only be deciphered with a secret key. Only the troops that knew the key could read it.
Two thousand years later, computer-generated ciphertext keeps your confidential data private on your devices and online. We explain what ciphertext is and how it’s used to secure online communications, including encrypted email.
In cryptography, ciphertext, also known as encrypted text, is the unreadable text that results when you encrypt text.
In contrast, plaintext is ordinary, readable text that is not encrypted.
When you encrypt a message using an encryption algorithm known as a cipher, your original text (plaintext) is transformed into a series of random numbers and letters (ciphertext) that can’t be read.
When you decrypt the message, this ciphertext is converted back into plaintext — your original, readable message.
Ciphertext example
Here is some simple ciphertext encrypted using the Caesar cipher, Julius Caesar’s original method, which uses letters only:
JV PBZOBQ QBUQ
To encrypt the original message into the ciphertext above, each letter of the text was shifted three letters back in the alphabet.
“A” shifts three letters back and becomes “X”
“B” becomes “Y”
“C” becomes “Z”
and so on…
So to decrypt the message into readable plaintext, you must shift each letter three letters forward in the alphabet.
Ciphertext
J
V
P
B
Z
O
B
Q
Q
B
U
Q
Plaintext (3 letters forward)
M
Y
S
E
C
R
E
T
T
E
X
T
Deciphering ciphertext into plaintext
So “JV PBZOBQ QBUQ” reads “MY SECRET TEXT”.
In this case, the key to the cipher is 3: you shift each letter three places back or forward in the alphabet to encrypt or decrypt it. This is known as a substitution cipher.
Types of ciphers
Historically, encryption was done by hand, typically using pen and paper. Before the advent of machines, ciphertext was usually created by simply replacing letters (substitution cipher) or re-ordering them (transposition cipher).
These simple ciphers are no longer used as methods of encryption on their own because they’re quite easy to decipher. Today, computer-implemented ciphers are much more secure with long, complex keys consisting of numbers and letters. The longer the key, the harder the cipher is to crack.
Modern ciphers can be divided into two broad categories depending on how they handle keys:
1. Asymmetric-key ciphers
Also known as public-key ciphers, asymmetric-key ciphers use pairs of mathematically related keys: a public key and a private key.
You encrypt a message to create ciphertext with a person’s public key, which is publicly available and anyone can use. But only that person can decrypt the message into plaintext using their corresponding private key, which they keep secret.
2. Symmetric-key ciphers
Also known as private-key ciphers, symmetric-key ciphers use a single key to encrypt and decrypt the message.
Key type
Key(s)
Examples
Asymmetric-key cipher
Public key Private key
RSA, ECC
Symmetric-key cipher
Single key
AES, ChaCha20, Salsa20
Types of ciphers
Uses of ciphertext
From your smartphone and laptop to websites, secure email, cloud storage, and ATMs, ciphertext is used wherever encryption is used to protect the confidentiality of data on computers and computer networks.
For example, most websites use HTTPS(new window) to secure communications, which relies on the TLS encryption protocol(new window). Connect to your bank or an online store, and TLS converts the data you exchange into ciphertext. TLS uses a combination of asymmetric-key and symmetric-key ciphers to secure your connection.
But with most other email providers that claim to be secure, you can’t guarantee your messages will remain encrypted all the time.
Email ciphertext
Most big email services, like Gmail and Outlook, encrypt emails in two ways. They use:
TLS encryption to secure emails in transit, turning them into ciphertext when they’re being sent from A to B (if the recipient’s server supports TLS)
Symmetric-key encryption, like AES, to encrypt emails stored on their servers
However, who can decrypt your emails remains beyond your control.
First, TLS secures your messages in transit, but once they arrive, their security depends on what encryption the receiving server uses. As Microsoft explains about Outlook(new window), “with TLS, the message might not stay encrypted after the message reaches the recipient’s email provider”.
Second, most email providers retain the encryption keys to your messages. So they can access your data and hand it over to third parties, like advertisers, data brokers, or governments.
The only way to be sure an email you send will remain as ciphertext until your recipient opens it is to use end-to-end encrypted email, like Proton Mail. With end-to-end encryption(new window), your emails are encrypted on your device before being uploaded to our servers and can only be decrypted and read by the intended recipient.
For example, when Bob writes to Alice, his message is converted into ciphertext using Alice’s public key. Only Alice can decrypt the message into plaintext by using her private key.
We’ve designed Proton Mail so that you remain in control of your encryption keys at all times, so only you can access your emails. With Proton Mail you get:
End-to-end encryption(new window): Any message you send to someone on Proton Mail is end-to-end encrypted by default. No one but you and your intended recipient(s) can read them.
Password-protected Emails: Easily send an end-to-end encrypted email to anyone who isn’t on Proton Mail without any technical knowledge.
At Proton, our goal is to keep everyone private and secure online, so join us. With Proton Mail, you decide who can decipher your encrypted emails, attachments, contacts, and calendar.
Secure, seamless communication is the foundation of every business. As more
organizations secure their data with Proton, we’ve dramatically expanded our
ecosystem with new products and services, from our password manager to Dark Web
Monitoring for cr
On the subject of cybersecurity, one term that often comes up is brute force
attack. A brute force attack is any attack that doesn’t rely on finesse, but
instead uses raw computing power to crack security or even the underlying
encryption.
In this a
Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act has become notorious as
the legal justification allowing federal agencies like the NSA, CIA, and FBI to
perform warrantless wiretaps, which sweep up the data of hundreds of thousands
of US citi
In response to the growing number of data breaches, Proton Mail offers a feature
to paid subscribers called Dark Web Monitoring. Our system checks if your
credentials or other data have been leaked to illegal marketplaces and alerts
you if so. Often
Your email address is your online identity, and you share it whenever you create
a new account for an online service. While this offers convenience, it also
leaves your identity exposed if hackers manage to breach the services you use.
Data breaches
Our mission at Proton is to help usher in an internet that protects your privacy
by default, secures your data, and gives you the freedom of choice.
Today we’re taking another step in this direction with the launch of our open
source password manage