all-in-one privacy solution":["Proton Unlimited est une solution tout-en-un respectueuse de la vie privée"],"Black Friday":["Black Friday"],"No ads. Privacy by default.":["Aucune publicité, le respect de la vie privée comme règle absolue"],"People before profits":["Les individus passent avant les profits"],"Security through transparency":["Notre engagement de transparence"],"The best Proton Mail ${ BLACK_FRIDAY } deals":["Les meilleures offres ${ BLACK_FRIDAY } de Proton Mail"],"The world’s only community- supported email service":["La seule messagerie au monde soutenue par la communauté"]},"specialoffer:limited":{"${ hours } hour":["${ hours } heure","${ hours } heures"],"${ hoursLeft }, ${ minutesLeft } and ${ secondsLeft } left":["Temps restant : ${ hoursLeft }, ${ minutesLeft }, ${ secondsLeft }"],"${ minutes } minute":["${ minutes } minute","${ minutes } minutes"],"${ seconds } second":["${ seconds } seconde","${ seconds } secondes"],"Limited time offer":["Offre à durée limitée"]},"specialoffer:listitem":{"Create multiple addresses":["Créez plusieurs adresses"],"Hide-my-email aliases":["Alias « hide-my-email »"],"Quickly unsubscribe from newsletters":["Désabonnez-vous rapidement des newsletters"],"Use your own domain name":["Utilisez votre propre nom de domaine"]},"specialoffer:logos":{"As featured in":["Ils en parlent"]},"specialoffer:metadescription":{"Get an encrypted email that protects your privacy":["Choisissez une messagerie électronique chiffrée qui protège votre vie privée"]},"specialoffer:metatitle":{"Proton Mail Black Friday Sale - Up to 40% off":["Offre Proton Mail Black Friday - Jusqu'à 40 % de réduction"]},"specialoffer:newmetadescription":{"Get up to 40% off Proton Mail subscriptions this Black Friday. Find great deals on our secure end-to-end encrypted email plans.":["Obtenez jusqu'à 40 % de réduction sur les abonnements Proton Mail à l'occasion du Black Friday. Profitez d'offres exceptionnelles sur nos abonnements de messagerie électronique sécurisée et chiffrée de bout en bout."]},"specialoffer:newmetatitle":{"Proton Mail Black Friday sale | Up to 40% off secure email":["Offre Black Friday Proton Mail | Jusqu'à 40 % de réduction"]},"specialoffer:note":{"* Billed at ${ TOTAL_SUM } for the first year":["* Facturé ${ TOTAL_SUM } pour la première année"],"*Billed at ${ TOTAL_SUM } for the first 2 years":["*Facturé ${ TOTAL_SUM } pour les 2 premières années"],"30-day money-back guarantee":["Garantie satisfait ou remboursé pendant 30 jours"],"Billed at ${ TOTAL_SUM } for the first 2 years":["Facturé ${ TOTAL_SUM } pour les 2 premières années"],"Billed at ${ TOTAL_SUM } for the first year":["Facturé ${ TOTAL_SUM } pour la première année"],"You save ${ SAVE_SUM }":["Vous économisez ${ SAVE_SUM }"]},"specialoffer:off":{"${ DISCOUNT } off":["-${ DISCOUNT }"],"${ PERCENT_OFF } off":["-${ PERCENT_OFF }"]},"specialoffer:testimonial":{"I love my ProtonMail":["J'adore mon ProtonMail"],"My favorite email service":["Ma messagerie électronique préférée"],"Thanks Proton for keeping us all safe in the complicated internet universe.":["Merci Proton de nous garder en sécurité dans l'univers complexe d'internet."],"You get what you pay for. In the case of big tech, if you pay nothing, you get used. I quit using Gmail and switched to @ProtonMail":["Vous avez ce pour quoi vous payez. Avec les Big Tech, si vous ne payez rien, vous êtes utilisé. J'ai arrêté d'utiliser Gmail et je suis passée @ProtonMail"]},"specialoffer:time":{"Days":["Jours"],"Hours":["Heures"],"Min":["Min"]},"specialoffer:title":{"And much more":["Avec en plus"],"Make your inbox yours":["Votre boite de réception sur mesure"],"Safe from trackers":["À l'abri des traqueurs"],"Stay organized":["Bien organisé"],"Black Friday email deals":["Offres Black Friday pour la messagerie électronique"],"Don’t just take our word for it":["Ce qu'en disent nos utilisateurs"],"Our story":["Notre histoire"],"Transfer your data from Google in one click":["Transférez vos données depuis Google en un clic"]},"specialoffer:tooltip":{"Access blocked content and browse privately. Includes ${ TOTAL_SERVERS }+ servers in ${ TOTAL_COUNTRIES }+ countries, connect up to 10 devices, access worldwide streaming services, malware and ad-blocker, and more.":["Accédez aux contenus bloqués et naviguez en toute confidentialité. Comprend plus de ${ TOTAL_SERVERS } serveurs répartis dans plus de ${ TOTAL_COUNTRIES } pays, la possibilité de connecter jusqu'à 10 appareils, l'accès aux services de streaming dans le monde entier, un bloqueur de logiciels malveillants et de publicités et d'autres fonctionnalités."],"Easily share your calendar with your family, friends or colleagues, and view external calendars.":["Partagez facilement votre calendrier avec votre famille, vos amis ou collègues et consultez des calendriers externes."],"Includes support for 1 custom email domain, 10 email addresses, 10 hide-my-email aliases, calendar sharing, and more.":["Comprend la prise en charge de 1 domaine de messagerie personnalisé, de 10 adresses e-mail, de 10 alias « hide-my-email », du partage de calendriers et bien d'autres fonctionnalités."],"Includes support for 3 custom email domains, 15 email addresses, unlimited hide-my-email aliases, calendar sharing, and more.":["Comprend la prise en charge de 3 domaines de messagerie personnalisés, de 15 adresses e-mail, d'un nombre illimité d'alias « hide-my-email », du partage de calendriers et bien d'autres fonctionnalités."],"Manage up to 25 calendars, mobile apps, secured with end-to-end encryption, 1-click calendar import from Google, and more.":["Jusqu'à 25 calendriers, des applications mobiles, la sécurité avec le chiffrement de bout en bout, l'importation de calendrier en un clic depuis Google..."]},"Status Banner":{"At the moment we are experiencing issues with the Proton VPN service":["Nous rencontrons actuellement des problèmes avec le service Proton VPN."],"Learn more":["En savoir plus"]},"Status banner":{"Learn more":["En savoir plus"],"Please note that at the moment we are experiencing issues with the ${ issues[0] } service.":["Nous rencontrons actuellement des problèmes avec le service ${ issues[0] }."],"We are experiencing issues with one or more services at the moment.":["Nous rencontrons actuellement des problèmes avec un ou plusieurs services."]},"suggestions":{"Suggestions":["Suggestions"]},"Support":{"Sub category":["Sous-catégorie","Sous-catégories"]},"Support article":{"${ readingTime } min":["${ readingTime } minute","${ readingTime } minutes"],"Category":["Catégorie","Catégories"],"Didn’t find what you were looking for?":["Vous ne trouvez pas ce que vous cherchez ?"],"General contact":["Contact - Général"],"Get help":["Obtenir de l'aide"],"Legal contact":["Contact - Juridique"],"Media contact":["Contact - Média"],"Partnerships contact":["Contact - Partenariats"],"Reading":["Lecture"]},"Support categories":{"Browse Proton product support":["Parcourez le support produit Proton"]},"Support category":{"There is no article in this category yet.":["Il n'y a pas encore d'article dans cette catégorie."]},"Support troubleshooting":{"--- Select ---":["--- Sélectionner ---"],"App version":["Version de l'application"],"Browser":["Navigateur"],"Check if this helps":["Vérifiez si cela vous aide."],"Choose a category for your question":["Choisissez une catégorie pour votre question"],"Choose a product":["Choisir un produit"],"Did this solve your issue ?":["Cela a-t-il résolu votre problème ?"],"Faster assistance is just a few clicks away — please make your selections":["Il suffit de quelques clics pour obtenir une assistance plus rapide, faites votre sélection."],"No, contact support":["Non, contacter le support"],"Proton account":["Compte Proton"],"Proton Bridge":["Proton Bridge"],"Proton Calendar":["Proton Calendar"],"Proton Drive":["Proton Drive"],"Proton for Business":["Proton for Business"],"Proton Mail":["Proton Mail"],"Proton Pass":["Proton Pass"],"Proton VPN":["Proton VPN"],"Thank you for your feedback":["Nous vous remercions pour votre commentaire."],"Troubleshooting":["Dépannage"],"What can we help with ?":["Comment pouvons-nous vous aider ?"],"Yes":["Oui"]},"support_modal_search_query":{"Search query":["Recherche"]},"support_search_button":{"Search":["Rechercher"]},"support_search_i_am_looking_for":{"I'm looking for":["Je recherche des informations sur..."]},"SupportForm":{"For a faster resolution, please report the issue from the Bridge app: Help > Report a problem.":["Pour que le problème soit résolu plus rapidement, vous pouvez le signaler à partir de l'application Bridge : Aide > Signaler un bug."],"Information":["Informations"]},"SupportForm:option":{"Account Security":["Sécurité du compte"],"Contacts":["Contacts"],"Custom email domain":["Domaine de messagerie personnalisé"],"Email delivery and Spam":["Distribution des messages et indésirables/spam"],"Encryption":["Chiffrement"],"Login and password":["Identifiant et mot de passe"],"Merge aliases and accounts":["Fusion des alias et des comptes"],"Migrate to Proton":["Migration vers Proton"],"Notifications":["Notifications"],"Other":["Autre"],"Plans and billing":["Abonnements et facturation"],"Proton for Business":["Proton for Business"],"Sign up":["Inscription"],"Storage":["Espace de stockage"],"Users, addresses, and identities":["Utilisateurs, adresses et identités"]},"SupportForm:optionIntro":{"Select a topic":["Choisissez un sujet"]},"swiss_baseed_feature":{"Swiss based":["Basé en Suisse"]},"Testimonial":{"Awards":["Récompenses"],"Customers":["Clients"],"Featured":["Ils en parlent"],"Go to testimonial source":["Accéder aux commentaires"],"Reviews":["Avis"],"Videos":["Vidéos"]},"Text":{"Find the plan that's right for you":["Trouvez l'abonnement adapté à vos besoins"],"If you need help, check out our ${ supportLink }.":["Si vous avez besoin d'aide, consultez notre ${ supportLink }."],"The page you’re looking for might have been removed, or it could be an\nold link.":["La page recherchée a peut-être été retirée ou le lien utilisé n'est plus valide."]},"Title":{"On this page":["Sur cette page"],"Related articles":["Articles similaires"],"Share ${ thisPage }":["Partagez ${ thisPage }"],"Thank you!":["Merci !"],"this page":["cette page"]},"Tooltip":{"More information":["Plus d'informations"]},"tooltip_calendar":{"Create up to 20 custom & shareable encrypted calendars. On top of that, add up to 5 calendars from friends, family, colleagues, and organizations.":["Créez jusqu'à 20 calendriers chiffrés personnalisés et partageables. Ajoutez jusqu'à 5 calendriers d'amis, de membres de votre famille, de collègues ou d'organisations."]},"tooltip_vpn":{"Access blocked content and browse privately. Includes ${ TOTAL_SERVERS }+ servers in ${ TOTAL_COUNTRIES }+ countries, highest VPN speed, ${ TOTAL_VPN_CONNECTIONS } VPN connections, worldwide streaming services, malware and ad-blocker, and more.":["Accédez aux contenus bloqués et naviguez en toute confidentialité. Comprend plus de ${ TOTAL_SERVERS } serveurs répartis dans plus de ${ TOTAL_COUNTRIES } pays, la vitesse VPN la plus élevée, ${ TOTAL_VPN_CONNECTIONS } connexions VPN, l'accès aux services de streaming dans le monde entier, un bloqueur de logiciels malveillants et de publicités et d'autres fonctionnalités."],"Access blocked content and browse privately. Includes ${ TOTAL_SERVERS }+ servers in ${ TOTAL_COUNTRIES }+ countries, highest VPN speed, 10 VPN connections, worldwide streaming services, malware and ad-blocker, and more.":["Accédez aux contenus bloqués et naviguez en toute confidentialité. Comprend plus de ${ TOTAL_SERVERS } serveurs répartis dans plus de ${ TOTAL_COUNTRIES } pays, la vitesse VPN la plus élevée, 10 connexions VPN, l'accès aux services de streaming dans le monde entier, un bloqueur de logiciels malveillants et de publicités et d'autres fonctionnalités."]},"version_history_label":{"Version history":["Historique des versions"]},"version_history_tooltip":{"Store up to ${ versionHistoryNumber } versions of each file for up to ${ years } years":["Conservez jusqu'à ${ versionHistoryNumber } versions de chaque fichier pendant ${ years } ans."]},"vpn_features_link":{"View VPN plans":["Voir les abonnements VPN"]},"vpn_features_useCase":{"Access blocked content and browse privately":["Accédez aux contenus bloqués et naviguez en toute confidentialité"]}}},"unleashApi":"https://account.proton.me/api"};
// We need to import data (the framework context) from the server
// This Astro feature with define:vars works well but creates an inline script
// So we can't directly import the initFramework helper, we have to store the context
window.frameworkContext = frameworkContext;
})();
Privacy Decrypted #5: How HTTPS keeps you safe (but not private) | Proton
HTTPS is the backbone that keeps everyone safe and secure on the internet. However, it does little to prevent you from being tracked online.
When you surf the web, you connect to websites using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), first developed by Sir Tim Berners-Lee (who is now a member(new window) of Proton’s advisory board).
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is the secure version of HTTP, using the TLS encryption protocol(new window) to secure web connections. It is the cornerstone of all security on the internet, making possible much of what we take for granted being able to do on the internet.
This includes securing all financial transactions, such as making online purchases and managing your bank account online.
It wasn’t long ago that most of the internet was terrifyingly insecure, with most websites using simple HTTP. However, thanks in large part to the not-for-profit Let’s Encrypt(new window) project, which started in 2015 and has now issued free HTTPS certificates to over 265 million websites(new window), use of HTTPS websites is now almost ubiquitous.
HTTPS is most often associated with ensuring that browser connections to websites are secure, and, for simplicity, in this article we shall discuss it in this context. However, HTTPS is also used by mobile apps to secure the connection to their backend servers.
What does HTTPS secure?
HTTPS secures the connection between your browser and a website. If you visit a website using regular (non-secure) HTTP then your ISP can see everything you do on that website — which individual pages you visit and any data you input (such as your credit card details when making a payment).
Because all data transferred between the website and your browser is unencrypted, it can be intercepted and read by criminal hackers, government agencies, or anyone who cares to look.
If a website uses HTTPS, all of this information is hidden from your ISP. All it can see is that you have visited the website — not what you do on it. And because the connection between your browser and the web server is encrypted, your data is secure against third parties. Thanks to the widespread uptake of HTTPS (see below), it is now usually safe to use public WiFi hotspots without the need for a VPN.
The website owner, of course, can see what you do on their own website, and (unless you take steps to prevent it, such as using a VPN(new window) to hide your real IP address), will know who you are.
What HTTPS does not hide from outside observers is that you have visited a website (or used an app), when you visited it, how often you visited it, or how long you stayed on that website. In other words, it does not prevent the collection of metadata.
This is important from a privacy perspective, as it does not take a genius to guess the political affiliation of someone who regularly visits gop.com(new window), the sexual orientation of someone who uses the Grindr app, or that someone who visits maternity websites is likely to be pregnant. This is true regardless of the fact that whoever is watching doesn’t know what the visitor does once on those platforms.
So it can be said that HTTPS keeps you secure online, but it does little to protect your privacy (again, this is something a VPN can help with).
All browsers implement a security measure that allows you to check, at a glance, if the website you are visiting secures the connection using HTTPS. Simply look for the closed lock icon in the URL bar. For example:
Browsers will also clearly show when a website is not secured by HTTPS. For example:
How does HTTPS work?
HTTPS secures the connection between a web browser and a web server with TLS encryption.
The actual encryption algorithms used are negotiated between the web server and the client (browser). Most browsers allow you to click or tap on the lock icon to learn more security details about the encryption algorithms used for the HTTPS connection.
Chrome browser for Android
HTTPS uses the X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to negotiate a new connection. This is an asymmetric encryption system that uses public key cryptography to secure the key exchange. That is, the web server presents a public key, which is decrypted using a browser’s private key.
To ensure your browser is connecting to the server it thinks it’s connecting to (and thus preventing man-in-the-middle attacks), X.509 uses HTTPS certificates. These are small data files that digitally bind a website’s public cryptographic key to an organization’s identity.
HTTPS certificates are issued by a Certificate Authority (CA), an organization that has (at least in theory) verified that it can be trusted to only issue certificates to valid organizations. Whether a browser accepts the HTTPS certificates issued by a particular organization depends on the browser developers.
As of mid-2020, Mozilla Firefox accepted certificate issues by 52 Certificate Authorities, macOS (and therefore Safari) recognized 60 CAs, and Microsoft Windows (and therefore Edge Chromium) 101 CAs.
Yes. HTTPS secures every one of the millions of financial transactions that occur every minute around the world. If HTTPS weren’t secure, there would be a global meltdown.
This isn’t to say there are no issues with the standard. CAs can be (and have been(new window)) pressured by governments to issue HTTPS certificates to dubious websites, or can be hacked by criminals to issue fake certificates.
Research has also suggested that in a highly targeted attack, it might be possible to use HTTPS traffic analysis(new window) to uncover the individual web pages a target visits on HTTPS-secured websites.
Since the encryption used is negotiated between the client and the browser, it’s also important that both of these are running up-to-date software.
These are issues we may discuss in more detail in a future episode of Privacy Decrypted. The bottom line, however, is that the world relies on HTTPS to keep us safe online, and it does a very good job at doing this.
It is worth bearing in mind, though, that security is not the same as privacy. If you wish to keep your metadata (which can reveal a huge amount about you) private then you should protect it using a VPN when you surf the web.
Secure, seamless communication is the foundation of every business. As more
organizations secure their data with Proton, we’ve dramatically expanded our
ecosystem with new products and services, from our password manager to Dark Web
Monitoring for cr
On the subject of cybersecurity, one term that often comes up is brute force
attack. A brute force attack is any attack that doesn’t rely on finesse, but
instead uses raw computing power to crack security or even the underlying
encryption.
In this a
Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act has become notorious as
the legal justification allowing federal agencies like the NSA, CIA, and FBI to
perform warrantless wiretaps, which sweep up the data of hundreds of thousands
of US citi
En réponse au nombre croissant de fuites de données, Proton Mail propose une
fonctionnalité aux abonnés payants appelée surveillance du dark web. Notre
système vérifie si vos identifiants ou autres données ont été divulgués sur des
marchés illégaux e
Votre adresse e-mail est votre identité en ligne et vous la partagez chaque fois
que vous créez un nouveau compte pour un service en ligne. Cette solution est
pratique, mais elle expose votre identité au cas où des pirates parviendraient à
accéder au
Notre mission chez Proton est de contribuer à l’avènement d’un internet qui
protège votre vie privée par défaut, sécurise vos données et vous donne la
liberté de choix.
Aujourd’hui, nous franchissons une nouvelle étape dans cette direction avec le
l